Завдання для студентів групи 1 - А с/с, І - ІІ бригади
Завдання № 1. Прочитати текст. Виконати його усний переклад.
Christopher Columbus. The discovery of America
Christopher Columbus was born in 1451 in Italy. His father and both grandfathers were cloth makers. He probably worked as a weaver before going to sea. We don't know much about Christopher Columbus. He had blue eyes and red hair. He lived in Spain for a long time. He married the daughter of a sea captain. For some time he earned his living partly by making sea voyages, and partly by drawing maps and selling them. In the fifteenth century most people thought that the earth was flat. They didn’t believe that India lay beyond the Atlantic Ocean. They knew only three continents: Europe, Asia and Africa. Christopher Columbus was sure that our planet was round. He decided to reach India by sailing to the west. In 1492 the King and the Queen of Spain gave him money to go to India. Nobody wanted to help him. Many years after he sailed with three small ships into Atlantic Ocean. They were the Santa Maria, the Nina and the Pinta. After sailing 4000 miles (6400 kilometers) they reached some land. When they landed they saw strange trees and flowers, men and women with olive colored skin. They gathered around sailors and looked at them with great surprise. Columbus thought that it must be India. He called these islands the West Indies. People began to speak about the land as "the New World." But it was America. So, Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. Columbus made many voyages to the New World. The second great voyage of Christopher Columbus took place in 1493. He had seventeen ships with him. He reached Cuba and discovered some other islands of the West Indies. Twice more Columbus tried to find India. During his third voyage, enemies spread false rumours about him. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella were led to believe that he was a tyrant. He was sent home in chains. Back in Spain, he quickly proved his innocence. Columbus made his last voyage in 1502-1504. He discovered many islands and made them a part of Spain. He was seriously ill and died in 1506. Columbus was a great explorer and many places have been named in his honor. But America was named after another explorer, Amerigo Vespucci, because he was the first man who understood it was the new continent.
Завдання № 2. Answer the questions (write, in your copybook).
1. When was Christopher Columbus born?
2. Where was he born?
3. What were his father and both grandfathers?
4. What was Columbus before going to sea?
5. Where did he live for a long time?
6. What was his wife?
7. How did he earn his living for some time?
8. Did Christopher Columbus think that the earth was flat?
9. Christopher Columbus was sure that our planet was round, wasn't he?
10. How many continents did most people know in the fifteenth century?
11. What country did Columbus decide to reach by sailing to the west?
12. Who gave him money to go there?
13. How many ships did Columbus have?
14. What were the names of the ships?
15. What land did they reach after sailing 4000 miles?
16. What did they see when they landed?
17. How did Columbus call these islands?
18. When did Columbus discover America?
19. When did the second great voyage of Christopher Columbus take place?
20. How many ships did he have with him?
21. How many times did Columbus try to find India?
22. What happened during his third voyage?
23. When did Columbus make his last voyage?
24. When did Columbus die?
25. Why was America named after another explorer?
Завдання № 3. Переглянути відеоролик про Христофора Колумбаусні відповіді англійською мовою. Вишліть аудиозапис відповідей вчителю.
- Яку частину Америки відкрив Колумб : північну або південну?
- Чому американці святкують «День Колумба»?
- Як Колумб та його люди, ставилися до місцевого населення («червоношкірих людей»)?
- Як пов’язане ім’я Колумба з іммігрантами в Америці
Завдання № 4. Переглянути відеоролик про Америго Веспуччи. Скласти не менше 10 запитань до відео.
God Bless Amerigo
Amerigo Vespucci, (born 1454?, Florence, Italy—died 1512, Seville, Spain), merchant and explorer-navigator who took part in early voyages to the New World (1499–1500, 1501–02) and occupied the influential post of pilot mayor(“master navigator”) in Seville (1508–12). The name for the Americas is derived from his given name
Завдання № 5. Прочитати текст «The Mayflower». Виконати усний переклад.
On 16 September 1620, a merchant ship, the Mayflower, sailed from England and made its way to the New World. On board were 102 men, women and children, half of whom (the ‘Saints’ or ‘Pilgrims’ as they are known today) were escaping religious persecution, while the other half (the ‘Strangers’) were seeking adventure and a new life across the Atlantic. The mission to create a settlement in the Virginia territory, however, was almost a disaster. Terrible storms and high waves made the crossing miserable, before the Mayflower finally limped to journey’s end after 66 days. The Pilgrims had made it, but – as they quickly found out – their troubles were only beginning as they faced a brutal winter. Here are five facts about the historic ship that carried the Pilgrims to the New World… The Mayflower arrived at Cape Cod (in modern-day Massachusetts) on 9 November 1620 and if the voyage had been bad, that was nothing compared to the first winter that followed. Due to food shortages and outbreaks of disease, only half that had made the journey survived to see spring and the creation of their New World settlement, Plymouth.
Завдання № 6. Прочитати текст «Thanksgiving Day». Виконати усний переклад.
Thanksgiving Day, annual national holiday in the United States and Canada celebrating the harvest and other blessings of the past year. Americans generally believe that their Thanksgiving is modeled on a 1621 harvest feast shared by the English colonists (Pilgrims) of Plymouth and the Wampanoag people. The American holiday is particularly rich in legend and symbolism, and the traditional fare of the Thanksgiving meal typically includes turkey, bread stuffing, potatoes, cranberries, and pumpkin pie. With respect to vehicular travel, the holiday is often the busiest of the year, as family members gather with one another.
Plymouth’s Thanksgiving began with a few colonists going out “fowling,” possibly for turkeys but more probably for the easier prey of geese and ducks, since they “in one day killed as much as…served the company almost a week.” Next, 90 or so Wampanoag made a surprise appearance at the settlement’s gate, doubtlessly unnerving the 50 or so colonists. Nevertheless, over the next few days the two groups socialized without incident. The Wampanoag contributed venison to the feast, which included the fowl and probably fish, eels, shellfish, stews, vegetables, and beer. Since Plymouth had few buildings and manufactured goods, most people ate outside while sitting on the ground or on barrels with plates on their laps. The men fired guns, ran races, and drank liquor, struggling to speak in broken English and Wampanoag. This was a rather disorderly affair, but it sealed a treaty between the two groups that lasted until King Philip’s War (1675–76), in which hundreds of colonists and thousands of Americans lost their lives.
The New England colonists were accustomed to regularly celebrating “Thanksgivings,” days of prayer thanking God for blessings such as military victory or the end of a drought. The U.S. Continental Congress proclaimed a national Thanksgiving upon the enactment of the Constitution, for example. Yet, after 1798, the new U.S. Congress left Thanksgiving declarations to the states; some objected to the national government’s involvement in a religious observance, Southerners were slow to adopt a New England custom, and others took offense over the day’s being used to hold partisan speeches and parades. A national Thanksgiving Day seemed more like a lightning rod for controversy than a unifying force.
Thanksgiving Day did not become an official holiday until Northerners dominated the federal government. While sectional tensions prevailed in the mid-19th century, the editor of the popular magazine Godey’s Lady’s Book, Sarah Josepha Hale, campaigned for a national Thanksgiving Day to promote unity. She finally won the support of President Abraham Lincoln. On October 3, 1863, during the Civil War, Lincoln proclaimed a national day of thanksgiving to be celebrated on Thursday, November 26.
The holiday was annually proclaimed by every president thereafter, and the date chosen, with few exceptions, was the last Thursday in November. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, however, attempted to extend the Christmas shopping season, which generally begins with the Thanksgiving holiday, and to boost the economy by moving the date back a week, to the third week in November. But not all states complied, and, after a joint resolution of Congress in 1941, Roosevelt issued a proclamation in 1942 designating the fourth Thursday in November (which is not always the last Thursday) as Thanksgiving Day.
As the country became more urban and family members began to live farther apart, Thanksgiving became a time to gather together. The holiday moved away from its religious roots to allow immigrants of every background to participate in a common tradition. Thanksgiving Day football games, beginning with Yale versus Princeton in 1876, enabled fans to add some rowdiness to the holiday. In the late 1800s parades of costumed revelers became common. In 1920 Gimbel’s department store in Philadelphia staged a parade of about 50 people with Santa Claus at the rear of the procession. Since 1924 the annual Macy’s parade in New York City has continued the tradition, with huge balloons since 1927. The holiday associated with Pilgrims and Native Americans has come to symbolize intercultural peace, America’s opportunity for newcomers, and the sanctity of home and family.
While turkey is today the bird of choice for Thanksgiving dinners across the United States, this was not always the case: according to History.com, for the first ever Thanksgiving in 1621 the Native Americans killed five deer as a gift for the colonists, meaning venison would most likely have been the dish of the day. Each Thanksgiving, the president of the United States ‘pardons’ a hand-selected turkey, sending it to a farm where it lives out the rest of its days. But, contrary to popular belief, President George HW Bush was not in 1989 the first president to grant such a pardon.
According to the White House, the tradition dates to Abraham Lincoln’s days, when his son Tad begged him to write a presidential pardon for the bird meant for the family’s Christmas table, arguing it had as much a right to live as anyone. Lincoln complied, and the turkey lived.
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