Завдання для студентів групи 3 - А с/с (І бригада)
Письмово. Виконати письмовий переклад слів та словосполучень з англійської мови на українську. Записати в зошит.
Virus, fungus, fungi, thrush, botulism, glossitis, gingivostomatitis, encephalitis, meningitis, gastroenteritis, poliomyelitis; peritonitis; bronchiolitis, bronchitis, dermatitis; arthritis trachoma, Legionnaires’ Disease, tuberculosis; impetigo, multiply, powerful, beneficial, yeast, typhoid trichinosis.
Виконати письмовий переклад слів та словосполучень з української мови англійською. Записати в зошит.
Translate the following words and word-combinations into English:
Виглядати; послідовне ділення; отримати доступ; цілющий; пліснявий грибок; оселятися; тиф; застуда; глосит; черевний тиф; бородавка.
Читання. Прочитайте текст англійською мовою. Вишліть аудиозапис читання тексту для перевірки вчителю.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THEIR TYPES
The infectious diseases are caused by the following types of organisms: bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminthes.
Bacteria are one-cell organisms that are visible only under a microscope. They appear as slender rods or groups of round cells and are able to live and multiply by subdivision. When infectious bacteria gain entry to the human body, they multiply and may produce powerful chemicals, called toxins. A few of the common groups of bacteria that cause disease are Staphylococci, Streptococci, Chlamydia, Haemophilus, Gonococci, and Rickettsia. Not all bacteria are harmful. Some bacteria that reside in the body are beneficial.
A virus is a minute microorganism consisting of the one or more molecules of either DNA or RNA and covered by a protein coat. Viruses grow and multiply themselves only when they have invaded living cells.
The types of fungi are molds, yeasts, and mushrooms. Obviously, mushrooms are not infectious, but certain yeasts and molds can be. Of the thousands that are harmless or even helpful, only about 100 cause disease.
Protozoa are single-cell organisms that may live within a person as a parasite. Often these organisms spend part of their life cycle outside of humans, living in food, soil, water, or insects. Many protozoa reside in the intestinal tract and are harmless, although some may cause disease.
The word “helminth” comes from Greek word helmins, meaning “worm”. Helminths are among the larger parasites. If they enter the body, they take up residence in the intestinal tract, lungs, liver, skin, or even brain.
So, some infectious diseases are bacterial, some are viral, and still others have other causes. The most common infectious diseases that affect only one organ or body system are: glossitis, gingivostomatitis, oral thrush, salivary gland infections (diseases of the mouth); botulism, encephalitis, meningitis, poliomyelitis (infections of the central nervous system); trachoma (infections of the eyes), acute viral gastroenteritis, Whipple’s Disease, peritonitis (infections of gastrointestinal tract); bronchiolitis, acute bronchitis, Legionnaires’ Disease, tuberculosis (infections of the respiratory system); impetigo, dermatitis (infections of the skin); infectious arthritis (joint disorder).
Some diseases affect multiple systems of the body. They are called “generalized infections”. They are: HIV infections and AIDS, influenza, typhoid fever, tetanus, rabies and others.
Common contagious diseases are common viral colds, measles, roseola, whooping cough, croup, chickenpox, mumps, diphtheria, and scarlet fever.
Parasitic infestations are malaria, tapeworm, trichinosis and others.
Some infestations are caused by small insects that attach themselves to the skin and feed off the blood. They are known as insect infestations, for example: lice, fleas, and ticks.
Bacteria and viruses transmitted by sexual contact can cause various sexually transmitted diseases. Gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, and syphilis are bacterial in origin. Herpes and venereal warts are viral infections.
SUBGROUPS OF THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES
There are four subgroups of the infectious diseases. Intestinal infections compose the first subgroup. They are spread through the intestines and stools. Dysentery is an example.
The infections of the respiratory tract compose the second group. They are spread during coughing and talking. The diseases of this subgroup are diphtheria, smallpox and others.
The diseases of the third subgroup are spread through the skin and mucosa. Herpes and lichen (лишай) are the examples.
Blood infections compose the fourth subgroup. These diseases are spread by insects. Encephalitis is an example.
Усно. Виконати переклад тексту. Вишліть аудиозапис перекладу тексту вчителю для перевірки. Translate text “Infectious Diseases and Their Types” into Ukrainian.
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