Завдання для студентів групи 3 - Б л/с
Завдання № 1. Письмово. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:
Contractile; smooth; associated; to be divided into; comprise; weight; locomotion; posture; propel blood through vessels; dilate; trunk; constrict; provide; force; spontaneously; cross; at least; cause; pectoral muscle; to be attached; extend; brachial; refer; buttock; gluteal; triangular; oblique; longitudinal; biceps; abductor, fiber; muscle; muscular; characterize; contractile; mass; pectoral muscle; spontaneously; dilate; constrict.
Завдання № 2. Читання. Вислати аудиозапис читання тексту вчителю для перевірки. Read the following text:
MUSCLES
There are 650 muscles in the human body. The muscles are fibers, characterized by their contractile abilities. The muscle consists of the muscular fibers connected together by connective tissue. Blood vessels and nerves are in the muscle. Muscles contraction and relaxation causes most body movements. The muscles are subdivided into three groups. These groups are the muscles of the trunk, head, and limbs. As for the structure the muscles are divided into three major parts: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscle with its associated connective tissue comprises approximately 40% of the body's weight and is responsible for facial expressions, posture, and many body movements. Its function is controlled by our consciousness. Smooth muscles are in the walls of hollow organs and tubes, in the internal portions of the eyes, in walls of blood vessels, and in other areas. Smooth muscles perform a variety of functions, including propelling urine through the urinary tract, mixing food in the stomach and intestine, dilating and constricting the pupil, and the regulation of blood flow through blood vessels. Cardiac muscles are found only in the heart, and their contractions provide the major force for propelling blood through the circulatory system. Unlike skeletal muscles, smooth and cardiac muscles contract spontaneously. As for the form of the muscles they can be long, short, and wide. The long muscles form the limbs, the short ones compose the facial part, and the wide muscles form the walls of the body cavities.
Muscles are attached to bones, internal organs, and blood vessels. Most skeletal muscles extend from one bone to another and cross at least one joint. Some muscles of the face, however, are not attached to bone at both ends but they are attached to the skin, which moves when the muscles contract. Muscles are named according to their location, size, number of heads, or function.
Location. Some muscles are named according to their location. For example, a pectoral (chest) muscle is located in the chest, and a brachial (arm) muscle is located in the arm.
Size. Muscle names may also refer to the size of the muscle. For example, the gluteus maximums (large) is the largest muscle of the buttock, and the gluteus minimus (small) is the smallest muscle of the gluteal group.
Shape. Some muscles are named according to their shape: the deltoid (triangular) muscle is triangular.
Orientation. Muscles are also named according to the structure of their fibers: an oblique muscle lie oblique to the longitudinal axis of the body.
Number of heads. The number of heads, which a muscle has, may also be used in naming the muscle. A biceps muscle has two heads.
Function. Muscles are also named according to their function. An abductor moves a structure away from the midline.
Завдання № 3. Переглянути відео з теми.
Завдання № 4. Пройти онлайн тест. Результати вислати вчителю.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zpkr82p/test
Завдання № 5. Закріплення матеріалу. Виконати письмово в зошиті.
Answer the following questions:
1. What does a muscle consist of? 2. What major muscle groups do you know? 3. What are skeletal muscles responsible for? 4. Where are smooth muscles located? 5. What are the functions of smooth muscles? 6. Where is a cardiac muscle? 7. What is its function? 8. Where are long and short muscles? 9. Where are wide muscles located? 11. What muscles’ names do you know?
Translate the following sentences into English:
1. У тілі людини знаходиться близько 650 м’язів. 2. М’яз складається з м’язових клітин. 3. Кожен м’яз містить кров’яні судини та нерви. 4. М’язи поділяються на три групи: скелетні, гладкі та серцеві м’язи. 5. Скелетні м’язи призводять до руху тулуб, голову та кінцівки. 6. Серцевий м’яз сприяє руху крові по судинам. 7. Гладкі м’язи просувають їжу по травній системі. 8. Серцеві та гладкі м’язи скорочуються спонтанно. 9. М’язи прикріплюються до кісток за допомогою сухожилків. 10. Більшість скелетних м’язів простягаються від однієї кістки до іншої. 11. Деякі м’язи обличчя прикріплюються до шкіри, яка приходить у рух тоді, коли скорочуються м’язи. 12. Довгі м’язи знаходяться у кінцівках, короткі м’язи утворюють лицьову частину, а широкі м’язи формують стінки порожнин тіла.
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