Завдання для студентів групи 1 - А л/с
Завдання № 1. Погляньте на табличку, як утворений політичний устрій США. Виконайте переклад незнайомих слів. Роздрукуйте (або замалюйте) табличку в зошит.
- Переглянути відео з теми.
- Поглянути на White House через веб камеру.
Завдання № 2. Прочитайте текст. Виконайте завдання.
LAWMAKING PROCEDURE IN THE USA
TEXT
Vocabulary
1. the House of Representatives – Палата Представителей
2. the introduction of a bill to the Congress – внесение законопроекта на рассмотрение Конгресса
3. a constituent – избирательный округ
4. an appropriate committee – соответствующий комитет
5. a subcommittee – подкомитет
6. to move a bill forward – продвигать законопроект
7. consideration – рассмотрение, обсуждение
8. to introduce an amendment – внести поправку
9. to pass both houses of the Congress – пройти обсуждение в обеих палатах Конгресса
10. to sign a bill into law – поставить подпись на законопроекте, сделав его тем самым законом
- Прочитайте текст і дайте письмові відповіді на запитання.
1. What is the legislative body in the USA? What does it consist of?
2. What are the steps in the legislative process?
3. What are the sources of bills?
4. Who can introduce the legislation?
5. What options has the President upon receiving a bill?
The Congress of the United States is the highest lawmaking body in the United States and one of the oldest national legislatures in the world. The U.S. Congress consists of two houses - the Senate and the House of Representatives. A member of the Senate is referred to as a senator, and a member of the House of Representatives is called a representative or congressman or congresswoman. The general process for making a bill into a law is described in the Constitution. The first step in the legislative process is the introduction of a bill to the Congress. Bills originate from several different sources: from individual members of the Congress, from a member of a constituent or a group of constituents, from one or more state legislatures, or the President or his administration, but only members of the Congress can introduce legislation. After being introduced, a bill is referred to the appropriate committee for review. There are 17 Senate committees, with 70 subcommittees, and 23 House committees, with 104 subcommittees. A bill is first considered in a subcommittee, where it may be accepted, amended, or rejected. If the members of the subcommittee agree to move a bill forward, it is reported to the full committee, where the process is repeated again. If the full committee votes to approve the bill, it is reported to the House or the Senate. When the bill comes up for consideration, the House has a very structured debate process. Each member who wishes to speak has only a few minutes, and the number and kind of amendments are usually limited. In the Senate, debate on most bills is unlimited - Senators may speak to issues other than the bill under consideration during their speeches, and any amendment can be introduced. A bill must pass both houses of the Congress before it goes to the President for consideration. Once debate has ended and any amendments to the bill have been approved, the full membership will vote for or against the bill. The bill is then sent to the President. When receiving a bill from the Congress, the President has several options. If the President agrees with the bill, he or she may sign it into law. If the President disagrees with the bill, he may veto it and send it back to the Congress. The Congress may override the veto with a two-thirds vote of each chamber, at which point the bill becomes law and is printed.
- Виконати аудиозапис читання виділеного тексту і вислати його вчителю.
The US Constitution
Прочитайте текст і дайте письмові відповіді на запитання.
1. When was the US Constitution adopted?
2. What does the US Constitution consist of?
2. What does the US Constitution consist of?
3. How are the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution called?
4. What rights and liberties are protected under the Bill of Rights?
5. What kind of trial is guaranteed by the Bill of Rights?
6. What are the key features of the US Constitution?
7. What are the three branches of power according to the Constitution?
8. Is there a strict separation of powers in the USA?
9. Does any branch have more power than the others?
10. What duties does every branch have regarding the other branches under the principle of checks and
balances?
The form of the US government is based on the Constitution of 1787 which was adopted after the War of Independence. The US Constitution consists of 7 articles and 27 amendments. The first amendments are called the Bill of Rights and were adopted in 1791 under popular pressure. The Bill of Rights is a series of limitations on the power of the United States federal government, protecting the natural rights and liberties, property including freedom of religion, freedom of speech, a free press, free assembly, and free association, as well as the right to keep and carry arms. In federal criminal cases, it requires indictment by a grand jury for any capital crime, guarantees a speedy, public trial with an impartial jury composed of members of the state in which the crime occurred. A key feature of the US Constitution is federalism – the division of power between the national government and the states. Another major feature of the Constitution is the principle of the separation of powers within the national government. According to this principle the executive, legislative and judicial branches exercise powers that are largely separate and distinct. There is not a strict and complete separation of powers, the powers of the three branches overlap. Each branch has its own responsibilities, but no branch has more power than the other branches. There is the system of checks and balances. Under this principle each branch has certain duties to check the powers of the other branches. This system was meant to protect against the extremes since it makes compromise and consensus necessary. The legislative branch is called the Congress which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It is the responsibility of the Congress to propose and pass laws. In the system of checks and balances, Congress can refuse to approve Presidential appointments and can override presidential veto. The executive branch consists of the President, the Vice President, the Cabinet and the 13 Departments, and also the independent agencies. Its responsibility is to enforce laws. According to the principle of checks and balances, the President has the power of veto to reject the bill of the Congress. He also appoints all Supreme Court Justices. The judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court, 11 Circuit Courts of Appeals and 94 District Courts. This branch explains and interprets laws and makes decisions in lawsuits. It has the power over the other two branches and according to the principle of checks and balances can declare their actions and laws unconstitutional in case they violate the principles of the Constitution.
Завдання № 3. Виконати онлайн тест «Президенти Америки». Результати тесту вислати вчителю.
Завдання № 4. Прослухати аудіо текст (декілька разів). Написати в зошиті про кого з Американських президентів йдеться мова в тексті. Також, коротко записати зміст тексту.
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