Завдання для 1 А л/с, 1 А с/с
СХЕМА ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО ЗАНЯТТЯ
Завдання:
Читання:
- прочитати і виконати усний переклад тексту «Географічне положення Великобританії та Північної Ірландії (природні ресурси)» ;
- виконати тестове завдання з теми онлайн тест;
Аудіювання:
- переглянути відеоролик з теми;
Письмо: виконати тестове завдання.
Граматика: закріпити знання, уміння і навички з минулого неозначеного і тривалого часів.
Критерії оцінювання: оцінка ставиться за тестове завдання і граматичний матеріал.
Термін виконання: __________________________________________________________________
Читання:
Geographical Position of United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles — a large group of islands lying off the north-western coast of Europe and separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover in the south and the North Sea in the east.
The British Isles consist of two large islands — Great Britain and Ireland — separated by the Irish Sea, and a lot of small islands, the main of which are the Isle of Wight in the English Channel, Angle sea and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea, the Hebrides — a group of islands off the north-western coast of Scotland, and two groups of islands lying to the north of Scotland: the Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands.
Historically the territory of the United Kingdom is divided into four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
The total area of the United Kingdom is 244 square kilometers.
Nature
Great Britain is situated in the temperate zone of Europe. The nature of Great Britain is greatly affected by the sea: there is no place situated more than 100-120 km from the seashore, in the northern parts only 40-60 km.
The territory of Great Britain can be divided into three natural regions:
1) Scotland with highland and upland relief and coniferous and mixed forests;
2) Wales and mountainous England with upland considerably cut by ravines and valleys and covered with meadows, moorland and cultivated farmland, with patches of broadleaf forest;
3) South-east England with plain landscape, fertile soils, the predominance of cultivated farmland, with patches of broadleaf forest.
Coasts
The coastline of Great Britain is greatly indented, especially in the west and north-west where the mountains come close to the coast. The coasts of Scotland, as well as the coasts of the Hebrides, the Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands, are cut by numerous fiords. In the south and east the land gradually slopes down towards the sea, and the coasts are sandy aid gentle, here and there interrupted by the ends of hiil-ranges, which form low cliffs.
Climate
Great Britain enjoys the humid and mild marine West-Coast climate with warm winters and cool summers and a lot of rainfall throughout the year.
The prevailing winds blow from the south-west. As these winds blow from the ocean, they are mild in winter and cool in summer, and are heavily charged with moisture at all times. As they approach the mountainous areas near the west coasts, they rise up the mountain slopes. Their temperature drops, which causes condensation of moisture in the form of rain. Therefore the wettest parts of Britain are those areas where high mountains lie near the west coast: the western Highlands of Scotland, the Lake District and North Wales. The eastern part of Britain is said to be in the rain-shadow, as the winds lose most of their moisture in their passage over the highlands of the west.
All parts of the British Isles receive rain at any time of the year. Still autumn and winter are the wettest seasons, except in the Thames District, where most rain falls in the summer half of the year. Oxford, for example, has 29 per cent of its rain in summer and only 22 per cent in winter.
As to temperature, Great Britain has warmer winters than any other district in the same latitude. It is due in large measure to the prevalence of mild southwest winds. Another factor is the Gulf Stream1, which flows from the Gulf of Mexico and brings much warmth from the equatorial regions to north-western Europe.
Economy
The United Kingdom was the first country in the world which became highly industrialized. During the rapid industrialization of the 19th century, one of the most important factors was that coal deposits were situated near the ground surface, which made mining easy. Coal mining is one of the most developed industries in Great Britain. The biggest coal and iron mines are in the north-east of England, near Newcastle, in Lancashire and Yorkshire; in Scotland near Glasgow; in Wales near Cardiff and Bristol.
Until recent times, Britain's heavy industry was mainly concentrated in the centre of England and in the London region. Such towns as Birmingham, Coventry and Sheffield produced heavy machines, railway carriages and motor-cars. In the 20th century new branches of industry have appeared: electronics, radio, chemical industry and others.
Of great importance for Britain is ship-building industry. It is concentrated in London, Glasgow, Newcastle, Liverpool and Belfast.
Great Britain produces a lot of wool, and woolen industry is developed in Yorkshire. British woolen products are exported to many countries.
Sea-ports play a great role in the life of the country. London, Liverpool and Glasgow are the biggest English ports, from which big liners go to all parts of the world. Great Britain exports industrial products to other countries and imports food and some other products. Sheep-farming, cattle-farming and dairy-farming are also important branches of Great Britain's economy. Chicken farms produce a great number of chickens and eggs for the population.
The south of England is often called the "Garden of England", because there are many gardens and orchards there. In the orchards people grow apples, pears, cherries, plums and other fruits, and there are also large plantations of different berries.
COMPOSITION OF THE COUNTRY
The territory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is historically divided into
four parts: 1) England; 2) Scotland; 3) Wales; 4) Northern Ireland.
England
Of the four countries which make, up the United Kingdom, England is the largest. It occupies an area of 131,8 thousand sq. km.
England borders on Scotland in the north.. In the east it is washed by the North Sea. In the south it is separated from the continent by the English Channel. In the west it borders on Wales and is washed by the Bristol Channel and by the Irish Sea.
The highest part of England is in the west, from where the land gradually slopes down to the east.
The Atlantic Ocean washes the rocky and broken west coast of England, Wales and Scotland and is gradually wearing it away, leaving caves and sandy beaches. On the east coast the land is low and sandy.
The rivers flowing to the east and emptying into the North Sea form deep estuaries well protected from the sea. The greatest port of the country London is conveniently situated in the Thames estuary.
The white chalk cliffs of the south coast washed by the English Channel can be seen from many mil Л out at sea.
As concerns the relief, England can be divided into Northern England mostly taken up by the low Pen nine Mountains, the Central Plain, lowland South east England, and hilly South-west England.
Scotland
Scotland is the most northern of the countries that constitute the United Kingdom. It occupies an area! of 78,8 thousand sq. km.
Scotland is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north and west and by the North Sea in the east.
The coastline of Scotland is greatly indented. Ь many places deep fiords penetrate very far inland. I geographically the territory of Scotland can b<| divided into three regions: the Northern Highlands! The Central Lowlands and the Southern Uplands.
The Highlands are the highest mountains in the British Isles. Their average height does not exceed 157 m above sea level, though some peaks are much heftier, rising over a thousand meters. Ben Nevis, the .highest peak in the British Isles, reaches the height
of 1343 m.
The Lowlands are the cradle of the Scottish nation. They are densely populated.
The Southern Uplands seldom rise over 579 m above sea level. It is one of the most sparsely populated districts in Great Britain.
Wales
Wales is a peninsula washed by the sea on three sides: the Bristol Channel in the south, the St. George's Channel in the west, and the Irish Sea in the north. Its territory is 20,8 thousand sq. km.
Geographically Wales may be considered part of highland Britain, the Cumbrian Mountains occupying most of the land. It is an area of high mountains, deep valleys, waterfalls and lakes.
Wales is a region of heavy rainfall brought by the prevailing west winds from the Atlantic Ocean. The valleys are sheltered by the high mountains from cold east winds. The climate is rather mild. Wales has never been densely populated. The Welsh have kept their own language, but English is spoken in town as well.
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland occupies the north-eastern part of Ireland, which is separated from the island of Great! Britain by the North Channel. In the south-west Northern Ireland borders on the Irish Republic) (Eire).
Almost all the area of Northern Ireland is a plain of volcanic origin, deepening in the centre to form! The largest lake of the British Isles, Lough Neagh.
The greatly indented coastline of Northern Ireland is abundant in rocks and cliffs.
Northern Ireland has a typical oceanic climate with mild damp winters (the mean temperature in January is +4, +5) and cool rainy summers (the mean temperature in July is +14, +15).
Forests are rather scarce, moors and meadows prevail.
Northern Ireland is mostly an agrarian district. On small farms they grow crops, especially oats, vegetables and potatoes. Large areas are taken up by meadows, where cattle graze. On the river banks and n the coasts the population is engaged in fishing.
Письмово
(на оцінку)
Past simple (I did)
(a) Изучите пример:
Мы используем Past simple,чтобы рассказать о событиях или ситуациях в прошлом.
- Mr. Gosselyn read The Times, went to church on Sunday and
accompanied his wife to tea-parties.
- She won every prize that was open to her.
- It was two years later that Jimmie Langton discovered her.
- He blushed and his blue eyes shone.
- Her aunt talked in a deep loud voice.
(b) Очень часто мы употребляем Past simple tense c такими словами и фразами, как:
yesterday, last night, last week, last month,
last year,last summer(autumn, winter, spring),
at six(seven...) o'clock on Sunday(Monday...),
an hour(a week...) ago, the other day,
in 1994(1966), during the war(the revolution..)
- Mr. Smith began teaching in a secondary school in England in 1988.
- On Monday he came to the office by taxi.
- I went to Ireland in a fishing boat two years ago.
- Last month Tom and Jim visited Scotland and climbed
the mountains.
(b) Многие глаголы в Past simple tense
оканчиваются на -ed или d. Такие глаголы
называются правильными.
Например:
- She walked round the garden with the colonel and listened
intellegently while he talked of peace.
- Her beauty created a sensation in Middlepool.
- He stayed in Middlepool for two years.
- She looked straight into his eyes.
- Julia smiled at the complacency on her husband's handsome face.
- Michael stared at them gravely.
(d) Но много важных глаголов - неправильные
(irregular). Это означает, что past simple
не заканчивается на-ed.
Например:
1.Глаголы, в которых изменяется гласная в корне:
tell - told Mrs. Gosselyn told her about India.
give - gave He gave a little laugh of embarrasment.
take - took She took him into a small room behind the dining-room.
fly - flew The children flew to meet their mother.
see - saw I last saw Jill over three years ago.
2.Глаголы, в которых изменяется гласная в корне и добавляется -d или -t:
teach - taught Her aunt taught her how to walk and how to hold herself.
leave - left He left the room an hour ago.
sell - sold The baker sold good cakes.
bring - brought John brought his little brother to school.
buy - bought They bought that fruit from Greece.
catch - caught Mr. Brown caught the eight o'clock train.
3.Глаголы, в которых изменяется последняя d на t:
send - sent He sent a letter to his aunt yesterday.
build - built Jack built his house last autumn.
bend - bent That stormy night trees bent before the wind.
lend - lent The other day Dolly lent them money.
4.Глаголы, в которых одинаковая форма
infinitive и Past simple:
cut - cut Aunt Aggie cut the cake.
hit - hit The cruel driver hit the horse.
put - put Yesterday the worshippers put their gifts before the gods.
set - set The sailors, after quarreling with their captain,
set him adrift on the ocean in an open boat.
split - split The ship split in two under the force of the stormy waves.
burst - burst Dolly burst into laughter.
let - let The prisoner let himself down from his window with
a rope made of knotted sheets.
5.Глаголы, в которых разная грамматическая основа:
go - went Ann went up to the drawing-room.
(e) Но некоторые глаголы могут быть правильными
и неправильными:
burn - burnt или burned
Вы можете сказать:
The old house burnt down The old house burned down
last night in the big fire. или last night in the big fire.
smell - smelt или smelled
The dog smelt at the stranger for или The dog smelled at the stranger for
a minute but did not recognize him. a minute but did not recognize him.
dream - dreamt или dreamed
I dreamt of my old home last night. или I dreamed of my old home last night.
(f) Формой past simple от глагола be (am/is/are)
является was/were:
(g) В вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях
с Past simple мы используем
did/didn't + инфинитив (do/open/rain и т.д.):
- Did they like the idea of his going on the stage?
They didn't like the idea of his going on the stage.
- Did Tom dance with Helen yesterday?
No, Tom didn't dance with Helen yesterday.
- She knew that she didn't look well in costume.
(h) Запомните,что обычно используются
did/didn't с have:
- Did you have a bath this morning?
- We didn't have any more flowers in the garden.
Но с глаголом be (was/were) мы
не употребляем did:
Например:- Was he at home yesterday?
- He was not exactly mean, but he was not generous.
Past continuous (I was doing)
(a) Изучите данную ситуацию:
Мы используем Past continuous, чтобы сказать,что действие началось или продолжается в какой-то момент в прошлом. Например:
- She was sitting comfortably on the floor.
- The boy was throwing stones at a kitten which was sitting on
the fence across the street.
Past continuous не говорит нам что-либо об окончании действия. Возможно, оно потом закончилось, возможно - нет. Сравните:
- She was cooking the supper. (past continuous) = Она готовила ужин,
но мы не знаем, перестала ли она это делать.
- She cooked the supper. (past simple) = Она начала и https://play.howstuffworks.com/amp/quiz/test-your-knowledge-british-geography
закончила готовить ужин.
Определенный момент часто не выражен прямо,но понятен из ситуации. Например:
- Red Chief was sitting on Bill's chest holding him by hair with one hand.
He was trying to take Bill's scalp.
- He was standing in front of him ready to strike him with a big stone.
(b) Время Past continuous образуется при помощи прошедшего времени глагола to be и причастия настоящего времени. Например:
(c) Мы часто используем Past continuous, чтобы сказать, что кто-то находился в процессе совершения какого-либо действия в определённый момент в прошлом. Действие или ситуация уже начались перед этим моментом, но еще не закончились.
- This time yesterday the Time Traveller was talking to a group of his
friends about the problem of travelling in time.
(d) Это время не говорит нам о том, закончилось ли действие:
- The Time Ttraveller was moving further and further into the future.
(e) Время Past continuous часто употребляют с Past simple,чтобы сказать, что что-то еще произошло во время совершения действия:
- Just at daybreak I woke up because Bill was screaming.
- When I came back to a cave I saw that Bill was standing with his
back to the wall.
Но чтобы сказать, что одно произошло после другого, используется past simple:
- Arthur gave the sailor his watch and money and the salor went away.
(f) Время Past continuous часто употребляется после таких фраз, как:
the whole day, all day long.
- The car was waiting for them at the stage door the whole day.
- All day long he was walking noiselessly, like a scout.
(g) Время Past continuous употребляется для выражения действия, рассматриваемого как постоянно продолжающийся процесс.
В этом случае используются такие наречия, как:
always, ever, constantly.
- His photograph was always appearing in the illustrated papers.
- Ann was constantly complaining of being lonely.
Виконуємо на оцінку!!!
Simple Past - Exercises
Type in the verbs in the Simple Past.
- William (visit) his grandparents last weekend.
- Jane (arrive) an hour ago.
- We (go) to Bob's birthday party yesterday.
- I (be) on holiday last week.
- She (see) fire.
Complete the sentences in the negative form.
- I phoned Lucy last night. → I Lucy last night.
- You tidied up your room. → You up your room.
- Olivia became an actress. → Olivia an actress.
- We found the treasure. → We the treasure.
- He spoke Spanish. → He Spanish.
Construct questions.
- (You/dance) at the party last night?
- (she/do) her homework?
- (Robert/work) at the post office?
- (They/help) you with the washing-up?
- When (I/say) that?
Past Progressive
Yesterday at nine o’clock, these people were right in the middle of doing something. What were they doing?
Type in the verbs in the Past Progressive.
Type in the verbs in the Past Progressive.
- Richard (work) on his computer at 9 o’clock yesterday.
- Lucy and Tom (have) dinner.
- I (read) an article in the newspaper.
- The children (watch) a film on TV at that time.
- Paula (chat) on the phone with a friend.
Type in the verbs in the Past Progressive.
- When I came into the living room, the cats (sit) on the table.
- I could tell by his eyes that he (lie) to me.
- We (play) Monopoly when our neighbors rang at the door.
- Helen (listen) to the radio when she heard a strange noise in the garden.
- I (prepare) dinner yesterday when I noticed that the cooker(work/not) .
Write questions in the Past Progressive.
- (what/do/you) yesterday at six?
- (Jane/practise) the piano when you came home?
- (who/talk/to you) when I saw you last night?
- (what/discuss/they) when she went over to them?
- (type/she) a message when you interrupted her?
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